Kajiwara Shōzen 梶原 性全 - Medicine Manuscript

Great Traditional Medicine Manuscript Anatomical teachings, bones, joints, pelvis, hips, shoulders, spine, etc. Spine, spinal cord, blood circulation and bones, leprosy, Diabetes mellitus Internal organs and vessels 存真環中図 and Oracle Bones TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE 1 double sheet = 2 pages Osaka, around 1560-1580 Content: Japanese Anatomy (UNIKAT) Seikotsu-Jutsu Size: each about 25.5 cm x 19.5 cm Origin: Honshū, Ōsaka Prefecture, Sakai-shi Among the writings, the works by Kajiwara Shōzen (1266–1337) stand out: 'A Brief Outline of Medicine' (頓医抄, Ton ishō) and 'Safe Prescriptions' (万安方, Man'anpō). The former was written to promote dissemination in Kana syllabary. Through the Man'anpō, among others, the anatomical teachings of Cúnzhēn huánzhōng tú (’Illustration of the internal organs and vessels’, 存真環中図, 1113) came to Japan. At the same time, Kajiwara introduced a Japanese terminology in his treatment of leprosy. Remarkable are further his observations on diabetes mellitus. The groundbreaking precision of the anatomical representations in these works rests on direct observations of corpses found at execution sites. Some advocates of Japanese osteopathy surpassed contemporary Western-aligned physicians in the precision of their depictions... Traditional Japanese Medicine is the medicine in Japan that developed in dialogue with Chinese, Korean, and since the early modern period also Western medicine. Comparative studies of folk medicine in East Asia, on Shintoism, as well as traces of ancient healing practices in folk medicine suggest that people on the Japanese archipelago engaged in shamanistic practices and purification ceremonies before the Nara period. Some of the few herbs they used served only symbolic purposes. In the oldest work on history and mythology, Kojiki, and the somewhat later Nihon Shoki chronicle, there appears a deity Ōkuninushi (also Ōnamuchi or Ōmononushi), who, together with the deity Sukunabikona no Kami, heals people and protects them from dangerous animals by means of protective spells. At the beginning of medical relations with the Asian mainland stand consultation journeys of Korean doctors from the kingdoms of Silla, Baekje and Goguryeo. Some settled in Japan. By the mid-6th century, according to tradition, with the arrival of the monk Zhì Cōng, who is said to have brought 164 medical works, direct contacts with the Chinese empire began. Subsequently there were thirteen official Japanese missions (kentōshi). In establishing state structures in the 7th and 8th centuries, Japan oriented itself in medicine and the organization of the medical administration to China. The separation of medical disciplines and the institutions involved mirrored Chinese models. An imperial health office (Ten’yakuryō) was established, but it was only for court and nobility. In 787, the text of the New Materia Medica (Xīnxiū Běncaǒ, 659), promoted by the Chinese imperial house, also became obligatory in the Japanese health office, but many of the 844 medicines described there were not available in Japan. The next stronger impulse came from Tashiro Sanki (田代 三喜, 1465–1537) after a twelve-year stay in China (1486–1498). There he learned the medicine of the Jin (also Jurchen) and Yuan dynasties, where the teachings of Li Gao (李杲, alias Li Dongyuan, 李東垣, 1180–1251) and Zhu Danxi (朱丹溪, 1281–1358) dominated. The former is known for his 'Treatise on the Spleen and Stomach' (脾胃論, Pí wèi lùn, 1249). Li and Zhu advocated tonifying therapies and gave particular attention to the theoretical foundation of the relationship between body and environment, i.e., lifestyle. Here we also find a close connection to the Neo-Confucianism of Zhu Xi (朱熹, 1120–1200), which reached Japan via the kingdom of Korea... I guarantee you the age and authenticity.

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