Netherlands, Zeeland Dukaat 1790

ORTH NETHERLANDS – REPUBLIC (1581–1795) Zeeland – Silver ducat 1790 – Middelburg A splendid and historically engaging Zeeland silver ducat from 1790, minted in Middelburg during the final years of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. This impressive silver trade coin bears the characteristic armored knight with the Zeeland provincial arms and, on the reverse, the famous motto CONCORDIA RES PARVAE CRESCUNT – Unity makes strength. Coin details * Region: Zeeland, Republic of the United Netherlands * Mint: Middelburg * Year: 1790 * Nominated value: silver ducat * Material: silver * Master mints: Petronella Slob & Johan Lodewijk Molter * Mint mark: fortress * Master mint mark: two stars Obverse A armored knight, standing to the right, with a sash across his armor. In his right hand he holds a sword, resting on his shoulder. In his left hand he carries a ribbon. At his feet is the crowned provincial arms of Zeeland. Inscription: MON : NOV : ARG : PRO : CONFŒD : BELG : COM : ZEL · ♜ Full text: Moneta Nova Argentea Provinciarum Confoederatarum Belgicarum Comitatus Zelandiae. Translation: New silver coin of the county of Zeeland, belonging to the United Dutch Provinces. The closing fortress mark refers to the Zeeland mint in Middelburg. Reverse The crowned Generality arms, with the year 1790 and above it the two stars as the mint mark. Inscription: CONCORDIA RES PARVÆ CRESCUNT Translation: “Through unity, small matters grow.” The motto is best known in the historic Dutch rendering: “One for all, all for one” (commonly translated as “Unity makes strength”). These words formed one of the key constitutional principles of the Republic. They emphasized that the separate provinces, despite their differences, could form a strong and influential state together. Historical background The silver ducat is among the most recognizable large silver trade coins of the Dutch Republic. The type was produced from the seventeenth century and played an important role in international payments. The image of the armored knight was more than decorative. He embodied the resilience, independence, and military power of the United Netherlands. The provincial arms at his feet emphasized the coin’s origin and the issuing province’s identity. Zeeland held a special position within the Republic. Thanks to its ports, shipping, and international trade relations, the province was closely tied to the economic development of the Low Countries. Middelburg grew into an important trading and minting center, where silver and gold coins were struck for centuries. A ducat from the late days of the Republic The year 1790 places this silver ducat in a particularly transitional period. Europe stood on the eve of sweeping political changes. The French Revolution had broken out a year earlier, and political tensions were rising within the Dutch Republic as well. Only five years after striking this coin would the old Republic come to an end in 1795 and give way to the Batavian Republic. Thus, this Zeeland silver ducat represents not only a characteristic example of eighteenth-century Dutch minting but also a tangible reminder of the final years of a state form that had existed for over two centuries. Details This issue is recognizable by the combination of Middelburg’s fortress mark, the two stars as the mint mark, and the year 1790. The armored knight, the crowned arms, and the classical Latin motto give the coin its distinctive appeal. A splendid Zeeland silver ducat from 1790, struck in Middelburg under Petronella Slob and Johan Lodewijk Molter. An impressive historical trade coin from the late days of the Republic, in which the armored knight and the age-old motto “Unity makes strength” express the independence and unity of the Dutch provinces in a particularly vivid way.”}

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